Gun Ownership Legality and Its Power in American Society

This research is under a descriptive qualitative method. Therefore, library research was used to compile primary data. The primary data was taken from the documentary film, and the secondary data was taken from sources such as books, articles, and journals. Method of American studies or interdiciplinary approach was also apllied with theories to analyze the problem formulation in this research. They were American politics towards gun laws, sociological theory, and popular culture. The result shows that American policy towards gun legality  is less tight and it gives bad impacts to  American society. The rules that have been made by the American government still  considered  weak and make American justify any illegal way to get their own gun easily. Therefore, the American government is supposed to improve the laws of gun ownership legality to decrease the impacts of gun problems

The Aesthetic of the Aveant-Garde in Music and Its Reflection by Some Works in Source: Music of the Avant-Garde

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the aesthetic within which avant-garde musicians are composing and show the reflection of this aesthetic in selected avant-garde works. Writings by and about avant-garde composers and about their works were collected and collated. Writings about the avant-garde in artistic disciplines other than music were also examined. From these writings was distilled, in the first chapter of the thesis, an elucidation and summarization of the aesthetic of the avant-garde in music. Various compositions printed in Source: Music of the Avant-Garde were selected for examination. In the second chapter, exegeses of the works are made, vis-à-vis the aesthetic described in the previous chapter. The main points of the aesthetic were found to be the avant-garde acceptance and use of chance and indeterminacy, the avoidance of critical judgements, the relaxed attitude toward form and structure, the concern with subjectivism (art as life and freedom in art), the use of theatricality and concomitant merging of the arts, the breakdown of the established composer/performer/audience relationship, and the consideration that the process of making music is more important than the product made

Evaluation of vacuum kettle processing of sorghum syrup

A 19-liter steam-jacketed, stainless steel kettle was modified to simulate a vacuum pan for use in the processing of sweet sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) syrup. The vacuum-processed syrup was compared to syrup processed in a conventional 224-liter, black-iron evaporator pan. The comparison consisted of chemical and physical analyses, as well as a taste preference panel. The experimental design, a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatment combinations, consisted of five replications with seven treatments per replication. Treatments consisted of combinations of vacuum level and the degrees Brix of the juice or semi-syrup when introduced to the vacuum kettle. The chemical and physical analyses of the syrup included a determination of degrees Brix, pH, total solids, extraneous materials, percentage ash, and titratable acidity. The taste preference panel compared the conventionally prepared syrup to the vacuum-processed syrup in terms of texture, flavor, and color. Statistical analyses of the taste preference panel data results indicated that the panel perceived no significant differences in the conventionally processed and the vacuum-processed syrup in terms of texture, flavor, and color. Statistical analyses of the physical and the chemical analyses data indicated a replication effect and a vacuum level, replication interaction effect on pH. There was also a significant replication effect on the extraneous material. The degrees Brix level to which the syrup was concentrated had a significant effect on total solids. Also, a significant repli-cation effect on total solids was exhibited. A significant vacuum level effect on acidity level was noted. As the vacuum level was increased, the percentage titratable acidity increased

A discrete-time approach to process modeling and direct digital control.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages offered by a z-transform approach to direct digital control applications. A discrete-time modeling package was developed for modeling process input/output data using a general second-order pulse transfer function. Also, a z-transform controller presented in the literature was modified to yield a control algorithm which gives significant improvement over conventional DOC algorithms

An Error-Dependent Model of Instrument-Scanning Behavior in Commercial Airline Pilots

Since the work of Fitts and his colleagues, researchers have been using eye-movement data to evaluate various aspects of pilot instrument scanning behavior. Although Senders\u27 work indicated that link values and transitional probabilities could be accurately predicted using a random sampling process, several investigators have recently suggested that pilot scanning behavior was deterministic. However, there has been no clear empirical evidence to support a deterministic hypothesis. The present research presents a new flexible model of pilot instrument scanning behavior which assumes that the pilot uses a set of deterministic scanning patterns on (1) the pilot\u27s perception of error in the state of the aircraft, and (2) the pilot\u27s knowledge of the interactive nature of the aircraft\u27s systems. Statistical analyses revealed that a three-stage Markov process composed of the pilot\u27s three predicted lookpoints, occurring 1/30, 2/30, and 3/30 of a second prior to each LP, accurately modelled the scanning behavior of 14 commercial airline pilots while flying steep turn maneuvers in a Boeing 737 flight simulator. Furthermore, the modelled scanning data for each pilot were not statistically different from the observed scanning data in comparisons of mean dwell time, entropy, and entropy rate. These findings represent the first direct evidence that pilots are using deterministic scanning patterns during instrument flight. The results are interpreted as direct support for the error-dependent model and suggestions are made for further research that could allow for identification of the specific scanning patterns suggested by the model

Optimal solutions for complex design problems: Using isoperformance software for human factors trade offs

A major application of isoperformance is as a trade-off methodology of the three major drivers of system design; equipment, training variables, and user characteristics. The flexibility of isoperformance allows each of these three components to be nearly any rational variation. For example, aptitude may be military Armed Forces Qualification Testing (AFQT) categories, cutoff scores within a selection procedure, or simply dichotomizing high and low scorers (pass/fail). Equipment may be new versus old, 'smart' versus dumb, high versus low resolution, etc. Training may be short versus long or varieties of media types (lecture versus CAI/CBI versus self-paced workbooks). In its final computerized form isoperformance lets the user set an operational level of performance (e.g., a jet pilot in a simulated emergency must take prescribed corrective action and clear the plane in several seconds, pilot astronauts will check out all shuttle flight systems within 30 minutes, or Mission Specialists must handle sucdessfully a required number of job elements). At this point the computer program guides the user through any requested trade-offs of the three components while maintaining the specified operational level of performance through isoperformance curves. A demonstration of the computer program is currently available

A guide to nestling development and aging in altricial passerines

Nestling growth and development studies have been a topic of interest for a greater part of the last century (Sutton 1935, Walkinshaw 1948) and continue to be of interest today. This is not surprising since studies on nestling growth can provide a wealth of biological information that has larger implications for avian management and conservation. Despite this history of studying nestling development, basic information is still limited or absent for many species. Many questions remain unanswered, and contradictory conclusions are often found in the literature (Starck and Ricklefs 1998a). Therefore, much information on aging and development can still be gained from studying the development patterns of similar species and from comparative studies, across avian orders (Minea et al. 1982, Saunders and Hansen 1989, Carsson and Hörnfeldt 1993). Additionally, nestling growth studies can yield insight into the effects of different nesting strategies on productivity (O’Connor 1978), as well as the impacts of parental effort and environmental variables on fitness (Ross 1980, Ricklefs and Peters 1981, Magrath 1991). Since low reproductive success may play a significant role in the declines of many North American passerines (Sherry and Holmes 1992, Ballard et al. 2003), a better understanding of the factors that influence reproductive success is a vital component of avian conservation (Martin 1992). Data on nestling aging can be used to improve nest survival estimates (Dinsmore 2002, Nur et al. 2004), providing information that can be used to more precisely age nests (Pinkowski 1975, Podlesack and Blem 2002), (Jones and Geupel 2007). Indeed, the relatively short time period young spend developing in the nest is a critical part of a bird’s life cycle and a nestling’s developmental path can affect its survival to independence, its survival as an adult, and its future reproductive success